Dairy cow management depends on repeated observations of behavior and physical condition to support health, welfare, and operational decisions, but these observations remain labor-intensive. Deep learning (DL)-based computer vision can automate parts of this work, although deployment requirements differ among management operations. This operation-centered structured review retained 97 distinct publications. Five operations were compared: lameness detection, behavior recognition, individual identification and tracking, body condition score estimation, and body weight prediction. The comparison addresses management tasks, inputs, outputs, label requirements, validation designs, and deployment constraints. It identifies shared concerns involving reference-standard reliability, data-capture protocols, multi-animal scenes, identity continuity, cross-farm generalization, and data access. A qualitative three-part research agenda is proposed: candidate foundations in reference standards and identity continuity; transfer and data infrastructure; and conditional extensions involving multimodal and longitudinal evaluation.
To noninvasively and precisely discriminate among the growth stages of multiple cultivars of navel oranges simultaneously, the fusion of the technologies of near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with machine vision (MV) and deep learning is employed. NIR reflec…
The accurate identification of the origin of Chinese medicinal materials is crucial for the orderly management of the market and clinical drug usage. In this study, a deep learning-based algorithm combined with machine vision was developed to automatically identify the origin of…
Maize is one of the essential crops for food supply. Accurate sorting of seeds is critical for cultivation and marketing purposes, while the traditional methods of variety identification are time-consuming, inefficient, and easily damaged. This study proposes a rapid classificati…
In a natural environment, due to the small size of caterpillar fungus, its indistinct features, similar color to surrounding weeds and background, and overlapping instances of caterpillar fungus, identifying caterpillar fungus poses significant challenges. To address these issues…
Precise estimation of the leaf area index (LAI) is vital in efficient maize growth monitoring and precision farming. Traditional LAI measurement methods are often destructive and labor-intensive, while techniques relying solely on spectral data suffer from limitations such as spe…
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, a member of the Umbelliferae family, is commonly known as Danggui (Angelica sinensis, AS). AS has the functions of blood tonic, menstrual pain relief, and laxatives. Accurate classification of AS grades is crucial for efficient market management a…