Symmetry-Structured Neural Completion of Islamic Geometric Patterns from Sparse Control Geometry
Islamic geometric patterns are governed by exact rotational symmetry and strict construction rules. This paper treats these rules as formal geometric knowledge and embeds them in a neural completion framework, rather than leaving them to be learned statistically from data. Given sparse control geometry and a target symmetry order, the system completes the pattern as a vector graph by predicting edges and refinements of bounded curves over a candidate lattice whose edges are organised into rotational orbits under the cyclic group. Symmetry is enforced either by constraining predictions within these orbits or by projecting them onto them during inference. The orbit-tied variant provides a constructive guarantee: for any input and any orbit-level selection rule, it produces exact N-fold symmetry, preserves anchor points, and keeps all refinements within prescribed bounds. These properties are verified numerically. The study focuses on rotational symmetry, and all quantitative results are obtained from procedurally generated graphs inspired by Islamic geometric design rather than from a historical corpus. On clean inputs, enforcing exact validity produces no measurable loss in fidelity. When control geometry is missing, an unstructured decoder loses fidelity and breaks symmetry; retraining on corrupted inputs recovers much of the fidelity but not exact validity. Symmetry-structured inference, by contrast, keeps violations at zero throughout. The results show that augmentation and symmetry structure address distinct failure modes: augmentation improves fidelity under corruption, while symmetry structure guarantees validity. The framework therefore provides a knowledge-constrained, guarantee-backed approach to neural completion for scalable vector ornaments whose validity depends on exact geometric structure.