This work presents an examination of the main interactions between grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) voltage source converters (VSCs) and synchronous generators (SGs), capturing the dynamics of a real power grid and pointing out the limitations of considering an ideal one for stability studies. Eigenvalue trajectories and participation factors are studied to perform in-depth small-signal analyses. Specifically, the GFL and GFM converters are compared in different grid strength scenarios by varying their rating powers and the grid short circuit ratio. Then, time-domain simulations of the non-linear and the developed linear systems are run to validate the mathematical findings from the stability analysis. The results reveal that the stability of VSCs-dominated grids, either in GFL or GFM mode, is strongly affected by both the grid strength and the VSC power, due to the coupling between the VSC control and the SGs.
Reliable fault recovery of grid-forming (GFM) converters under current-limited conditions is increasingly important as inverter-based resources replace synchronous generation. Existing current-limiting strategies primarily focus on current-angle regulation and synchronization tra…
As hyperscale and colocation AI data centers continue to expand, the electric grid is increasingly required to support large, concentrated loads, with individual facilities ranging from 500 MW to 2 GW. Current projections estimate that approximately 50 GW of AI data center capaci…
Large-scale power networks are often organized by geography, ownership, or control authority, making stability certificates that require a fully assembled global model challenging. This paper develops a time-domain small-signal stability certification framework for grid-forming i…
This paper investigates physics-informed neural networks for modeling the full dynamic behavior of droop-controlled grid-forming converters. The approach is trained on synthetic data generated via numerical solvers and benchmarked against both traditional integration methods and…
To ensure power system stability and security, it is vital to understand the complex nonlinear power system dynamics related to converter-interfaced generators. For example, grid-forming (GFM) converters are expected to be a key asset for maintaining a strong and stable power sys…
As power systems transition toward inverter-based resource (IBR)-dominated grids, traditional system strength definitions and metrics are becoming increasingly inadequate to characterize upcoming stability challenges. Emerging definitions characterize system strength in terms of…