Understanding model predictions is essential for physical applications, where outputs often inform safety-critical decisions, such as structural load assessment, weather warnings, and clinical diagnosis. Shapley values satisfy many desirable properties as an attribution method, but their computational cost during inference hinders their practical use. Current amortized explainers, such as FastSHAP, are limited to homogeneous inputs, which is problematic for physical applications where data often comes from irregular grids and geometries. We introduce OperatorSHAP, a grid-agnostic attribution method and training procedure that allows us to train FastSHAP-like explainers for neural operators. We establish a theoretical framework for attributions in function space, connecting to Aumann-Shapley values. We further show that OperatorSHAP's explanations are consistent with state-of-the-art discrete Shapley values across resolutions and transfer across grid sizes without retraining.
Neural operators provide fast surrogates for time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) by applying a learned evolution operator recursively to its own predictions, but this autoregressive rollout feeds every prediction error back as input, so local errors accumulate. E…
In reinforcement learning, critics typically estimate absolute state values $V(s)$, estimating how good a particular situation is in isolation. However, it turns out that only differences in value are relevant for control. Motivated by this, we propose Relative Value Learning (RV…
Imitation learning (IL)---training an agent to replicate expert behavior from demonstrations---underpins applications from robotics to language model training. Standard approaches such as Behavior Cloning (BC) are known to suffer from compounding errors and performance plateaus,…
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for time-series classification, but their deployment in critical domains requires understanding the temporal and spectral patterns that drive their predictions. Concept extraction (CE) methods identify such patterns by analyzin…
Utility data (e.g., electricity, water, and gas consumption), collected by ubiquitous sensors and embedded devices, often contains substantial missing values due to various factors such as device failures and data transmission issues. The data missingness can severely impact util…
Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely adopted technique for efficient neural network fine-tuning, decomposing model updates into low-rank matrices. However, LoRA remains computationally costly because it updates all matrices uniformly, regardless of their actual contribu…