Enhancing Network Intrusion Detection with Quantum Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods, Metrics, and Applications

Antanios Kaissar, Ali Bou Nassif, Ahmed Bouridane

Quantum computing introduces new computational capabilities that can support advanced cybersecurity solutions when combined with machine learning. In recent years, quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing network intrusion detection systems (IDS), particularly for analyzing complex and high-dimensional network traffic. This paper presents a systematic survey of QML techniques applied to network intrusion detection. The survey reviews peer-reviewed studies published up to January 2026 that employ quantum, hybrid quantum–classical, and quantum-inspired learning models for IDS. The selected studies are analyzed with respect to the algorithms used, intrusion detection datasets, and evaluation metrics reported. The analysis shows that most current approaches rely on simulated quantum environments and legacy datasets, while evaluation practices remain inconsistent across studies. These findings highlight the early developmental stage of QML-based IDS and the need for standardized evaluation protocols and more realistic experimental settings. Finally, open challenges and future research directions are identified to support the development of reliable, scalable, and practically deployable QML-based intrusion detection systems.