What Clinicians Need: Designing, Developing and Evaluating an AI-Based Decision Support System for Autism Assessment

Ulrike Schäfer, William Saakyan, Matthias Norden, Fabrizio Kuruc, Peter Sörries, Isabel Dziobek, Claudia Müller-Birn, Hanna Drimalla

AI methods promise to support autism spectrum condition (ASC) diagnostics in adults, a complex and time-consuming process, that is characterized by a shortage of specialized clinicians. To date, clinicians' needs and their interaction with such AI-based support remain underexplored. Our work aims to develop and evaluate an AI-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for ASC assessment, and to investigate how it impacts clinicians' decision-making. By interviewing clinicians of varying experience levels, we identified five challenges and derived design strategies. Based on that, we developed SIT-CARE, a CDSS, which provides AI-based recommendations and data visualizations of clinically relevant nonverbal behavior. Through an evaluation study with newly recruited clinicians, we found that SIT-CARE led to different decision paths in regard to the ASC assessment, which are reflected in clinicians' mental models and decision changes. Overall, SIT-CARE demonstrated potential in improving initial diagnostic assessments, supporting in-depth diagnosis and empowering less experienced clinicians.